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All values assume standard US measuring cups (240ml). 'Spooned and leveled' means flour is spooned into the cup and leveled with a straight edge — not scooped directly from the bag.

Small quantities are often measured in tablespoons and teaspoons. Here are the weight equivalents for common baking ingredients:

The weight of 1 cup of flour can range from 110g to 160g depending on:

• Packing method: Scooping directly from the bag compresses flour, adding 20–30% more weight. Spooning and leveling is the standard technique.
• Flour type: Cake flour is lighter and finer; bread flour is denser. The same cup volume yields different weights.
• Humidity: Flour absorbs moisture from the air, increasing weight slightly in humid conditions.
• Settling: Flour that has settled in the bag or been shaken down is denser than freshly sifted flour.

This is why professional bakers and serious home bakers work in grams — it eliminates all of these variables and makes recipes reproducible.

To convert a volume-based recipe to weights:

1. Identify each volume measurement in the recipe (cups, tablespoons, teaspoons).
2. Look up the ingredient in the conversion table above.
3. Multiply by the appropriate fraction (e.g., ¾ cup × 120g/cup = 90g).
4. Write the weight next to each ingredient.
5. Weigh ingredients directly into your mixing bowl for minimal washing-up.

Once you've converted a recipe to grams, save it in RecipeFlow with weight-based quantities. The next time you make it, you have a precise, reproducible recipe that produces consistent results every time.